Estado e catching up: 40 anos de mutação estratégica estatal e seus resultados ao sistema nacional de inovação da China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54805/RCE.2527-1180.v2.n2.52
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China, Sistema Nacional de Inovação Chinês, Estratégia EstatalResumo
O processo de catching up tecnológico chinês é o mais recente e instigante caso do mundo. O artigo parte do princípio neoshumpeteriano em que a particularidade do processo importa como referência à promoção de adaptações a outras estratégias nacionais. A causalidade entre ações estatais e capacidade inovadora é induzida no artigo por meio da análise evolutiva das duas dimensões. O que inclui um processo de tentativas e erros que se inicia com a cópia do modelo de planejamento soviético até os avanços mais recentes de seus sistema de ciência e tecnologia, passando pela mutação na forma de organização empresarial, incluindo a participação estatal na estrutura decisória das firmas locais e as regras em prol da absorção ativa de tecnologia estrangeira. A conclusão enfatiza a intencionalidade e a eficácia do planejamento e, por consequência, rejeita instituições neoclássicas como recomendação a países menos desenvolvidos.
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Referências
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SCHWAAG-SERGER, S. China’s 15-year plan for scientific and technological development – a critical assessment. Asia Policy. Lund, p. 135-164. 2007.
SONG, L. State-owned enterprise reform in China: past, present and prospects. In: GARNAUT, R; SONG, L.; FANG, C. (eds.). China's 40 years of reform and development: 1978-2018. Australian National University Press, Camberra, p. 345-369, 2018.
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ANDREONI, A.; CHANG, H-J. The political economy of industrial policy: Structural interdependencies, policy alignment and conflict management. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, v. 48, p. 136-150, 2019.
BACHMAN, D. Bureaucracy, economy, and leadership in China: the institutional origins of the great leap foward. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.262, 2006.
BAI, C.; LU, J.; TAO, Z. The multitask theory of state enterprise reform: empirical evidence from China. American Economic Review, ed. l, v. 96, n. 2, p.353-357. American Economic Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806777212125, abril 2006.
BELL, M.; FIGUEIREDO, P. N. Innovation capability building and learning mechanisms in latecomer firms: recent empirical contributions and implications for research. Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue Canadienne D'études du Développement, v. 33, n. 1, p. 14-40, 2012.
BITTENCOURT, P. F.; BRITTO, J. N. P.; GIGLIO, R. Formas de aprendizagem e graus de inovação de produto no Brasil: uma análise exploratória dos padrões setoriais de aprendizagem. Nova Economia, v. 26, n. 1, p. 263-300, 2016.
BITTENCOURT, P. F.; CHIARINI, T.; Considerações finais: e a CHINA. In: CHIARINI, T.; CALIARI, T. (org.). Economia Política do Patenteamento na América Latina. ed.1, Jundiaí - SP: Paco Editorial, v. 1, p. 415-426, 2019.
BITTENCOURT, P. F.; MATOS, C. E.; CHIARINI, T. Comparing the performance of technological and social capabilities in Latin American and East Asian countries, 2000-2012. Perspectiva Econômica, v. 14, n. 2, p. 71-91, 2019.
BOEING, P.; SANDNER, P. The innovative performance of China's national innovation system. Frankfurt School – Working Paper Series, Frankfurt, p.1-41, 2011.
BROADMAN, H. G. A litmus test for China’s accession to the WTO: reform of its state-owned enterprises. China and the Long March to Global Trade, Routledge, p. 63-114, 2002.
BRØDSGAARD, K. E. Politics and business group formation in China: the Party in control? The China Quarterly, Cambridge v. 211, p. 624-648, 2012.
CASSIOLATO, J. E.; PODCAMENI, M. G, B. As Políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação na China. In: CINTRA, M. A. M.; SILVA FILHO, E. B.; PINTO, E. C. (org.). China em transformação: dimensões econômicas e geopolíticas do desenvolvimento. Brasília: Ipea, p. 493-520, 2015.
CHINA, 2019. Speech at the opening ceremony of the National Conference on Science. China Through a Lens, 2019. Disponível em: <english.china.org.cn/english/features/dengxiaoping/103390.ht>. Acesso em: 28 de outubro de 2019.
CHINA DAILY. Disponível em: < https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201911/29/WS5de0573aa310cf3e3557ac37.html>. 2019. Acesso em: 30 de janeiro de 2020.
CHINA STATISTICAL YEARBOOK. National Data, Beijing: National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018. Disponível em: < http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/publish.htm?sort=1>. Acesso em: 15 de outubro de 2019.
COHEN, W. M.; LEVINTHAL, D. A. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, v.35, n.1, p.128–152, 1990.
EDQUIST, C.; HOMMEN, L. In: EDQUIST, C., HOMMEN, L. (org.), Small country innovation systems: globalisation, change and policy in Asia and Europe. Edward Elgar Publishers, (published in paperback 2009), 2008.
FANG, X. The role of government in science, technology and innovation: the case of China. Proceedings of the China-US Joint Conference on Technological Innovation Management, Beijing, 2000.
FREEMAN, Christopher. Catching up and innovation systems: implications for Eastern Europe. The knowledge-based economy in Central and Eastern Europe: countries and industries in a process of change. Basingstoke, Hampshir, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 1-4039-3657-9, p. 13-30, 2006.
FREEMAN, C.; SOETE, L. A economia da inovação industrial. Editora da UNICAMP, 2008.
FINANCIAL TIMES 2014. Disponível em: < www.ftchinese.com/story/001059858>. 2014. Acesso em: 10 de janeiro de 2020.
GU, S. China’s industrial technology: market reform and organizational change. Routledge, Londres, p.440, 1999.
HAIYAN, W.; YUAN, Z. China: challenges for higher education in a high growth economy. In: GORANSSON, B.; BRUNDENIUS, C. (ed.). Universities in transition: the changing role and challenges for academic institutions. The Changing Role and Challenges for Academic Institutions, Ottawa: Springer, p. 143-170, 2011.
JAKOBSON, L. China aims high in science and technology. In: Innovation with chinese characteristics, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p.1-36, 2007.
JEFFERSON, G. State-owned enterprise in China: Reform, performance, and prospects. Waltham: Brandeis University, Department of Economics and International Business School, 2016.
LENOVO. Disponível em: <https://investor.lenovo.com/en/ir/stockquote.php>. 2019. Acesso em: 22 de fevereiro de 2020.
LIEBERTHAL, K. Governing China: from revolution through reform. Norton, New York, 1995.
LIST, F. Sistema nacional de economia política. ed. 3, São Paulo: Nova Cultural, p. 290, (Os economistas), ISBN 8513001538, 1989.
LIU, X.; WHITE, S. Comparing innovation systems: a framework and application to China's transitional context. Research Policy, [s. I.], Elsevier BV, p.1091-1114, 2001.
LUNDVALL, B.A. National innovation systems - analytical concept and development. Tool, Industry and Innovation, v.14, n. 1, p.95-119, 2007.
MATHAI, K., GOTTLIEB, G., HONG, G. H., JUNG, S. E., Schmittmann, J. M., & Yu, J. China’s changing patterns of trade. In: China's changing trade and the implications for the CLMV. International Monetary Fund, p.79, 2016.
MATTLIN, M. The Chinese government's new approach to ownership and financial control of strategic state-owned enterprises. Institute for Economies in Transition Bank of Finland, Helsinki, 2007.
MAZZUCATO, M. O estado empreendedor. Portfolio-Penguin, 2014.
MCDONALD, T. David. The technological transformation of China. National Defense University Press, Washington, p. 191, 1990.
PEREZ, C. Cambio técnico, restructuración competitiva y reforma institucional en los países en desarrollo. El trimestre económico, v. 59, n. 233, p. 23-64, 1992.
PEREZ, C. Technological revolutions and financial capital. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003.
RODRICK, D. Industrial policy for the twenty-first century. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2004.
RODRIK, D. Industrial development: some stylized facts and policy directions. Industrial development for the 21st century: sustainable development perspectives, Technical Report; United Nations Publications, p. 7-28, 2007.
SCHWAAG-SERGER, S. China’s 15-year plan for scientific and technological development – a critical assessment. Asia Policy. Lund, p. 135-164. 2007.
SONG, L. State-owned enterprise reform in China: past, present and prospects. In: GARNAUT, R; SONG, L.; FANG, C. (eds.). China's 40 years of reform and development: 1978-2018. Australian National University Press, Camberra, p. 345-369, 2018.
VISENTINI, P. G. F. A novíssima China e o sistema internacional. Sociologia e Política, Curitiba, v. 19, p.131-154, 2011.
YU, B. Pattern of indigenous innovation: the case of HPEC[R]. Beijing: NSFC. 2007.
ZHENG, Lu. O Caminho do desenvolvimento econômico chinês. In: BELLUCCI, B. Abrindo os olhos para a China. Rio de Janeiro: Educam, p. 75-99, 2004.
WORLD BANK, Banco de dados, 2019. Disponível em: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?locations=CN. Acesso em 15 de março de 2020.
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2020-08-10
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Mitsuse, J. L. A., & Bittencourt, P. F. (2020). Estado e catching up: 40 anos de mutação estratégica estatal e seus resultados ao sistema nacional de inovação da China. Revista Catarinense De Economia, 2(2), 186–216. https://doi.org/10.54805/RCE.2527-1180.v2.n2.52
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